{"id":100114,"date":"2026-08-25T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-25T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/?p=100114"},"modified":"2026-08-25T10:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T07:00:00","slug":"cmr-convention-filling-in-liability-insurance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/blog\/cmr-conventie-completare-asigurare\/","title":{"rendered":"CMR 2026: what it is, how to fill it out, liability limit and insurance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scrisoarea de tr\u0103sur\u0103 CMR este documentul pe baza c\u0103ruia se decide, la final, cine pl\u0103te\u0219te c\u00e2nd marfa ajunge lips\u0103 sau deteriorat\u0103. Se completeaz\u0103 \u00een c\u00e2teva minute la \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u0219i, \u00een majoritatea cazurilor, superficial \u2014 iar consecin\u021bele apar luni mai t\u00e2rziu, c\u00e2nd reclama\u021bia e deja pe mas\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mai jos: <strong>ce este CMR-ul, cele 24 de casete \u0219i cine le completeaz\u0103, limita real\u0103 de desp\u0103gubire, termenele de reclama\u021bie \u0219i ce acoper\u0103 asigurarea CMR<\/strong>. La final g\u0103se\u0219ti un ghid de completare desc\u0103rcabil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 CMR<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CMR este acronimul <em>Convention relative au contrat de transport international de Marchandises par Route<\/em> \u2014 conven\u021bia referitoare la contractul de transport interna\u021bional de m\u0103rfuri pe \u0219osele, semnat\u0103 la <strong>Geneva, pe 19 mai 1956<\/strong>. Rom\u00e2nia a aderat la ea prin <strong>Decretul nr. 451\/1972<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen vorbirea curent\u0103, \u201eCMR&#8221; \u00eenseamn\u0103 dou\u0103 lucruri diferite, iar confuzia dintre ele produce discu\u021bii inutile:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Conven\u021bia CMR<\/strong> \u2014 cadrul juridic care guverneaz\u0103 transportul rutier interna\u021bional de m\u0103rfuri \u0219i stabile\u0219te r\u0103spunderea transportatorului.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Scrisoarea de tr\u0103sur\u0103 CMR<\/strong> \u2014 documentul fizic care \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te marfa \u0219i care face dovada contractului de transport \u0219i a condi\u021biei m\u0103rfii la preluare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conven\u021bia se aplic\u0103 oric\u0103rui transport rutier de m\u0103rfuri contra cost \u00een care <strong>locul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u0219i locul de livrare se afl\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 \u021b\u0103ri diferite<\/strong>, dintre care cel pu\u021bin una este parte la conven\u021bie. Nu conteaz\u0103 na\u021bionalitatea firmelor implicate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scrisoarea de tr\u0103sur\u0103: trei exemplare, nu unul<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Articolul 5 din conven\u021bie este explicit: scrisoarea de tr\u0103sur\u0103 se \u00eentocme\u0219te \u00een <strong>trei exemplare originale, semnate de expeditor \u0219i de transportator<\/strong>. Repartizarea lor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Primul exemplar<\/strong> r\u0103m\u00e2ne expeditorului;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Al doilea<\/strong> \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te marfa \u0219i ajunge la destinatar;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Al treilea<\/strong> r\u0103m\u00e2ne transportatorului \u2014 \u0219i este cel pe baza c\u0103ruia \u00ee\u0219i \u00eencaseaz\u0103 cursa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De aici o observa\u021bie practic\u0103: <strong>scrisoarea CMR nu se descarc\u0103 \u0219i nu se printeaz\u0103<\/strong>. Se folose\u0219te \u00een seturi tipizate, autocopiative \u0219i numerotate, procurate de la asocia\u021biile profesionale sau de la tipografii autorizate. Un PDF completat la calculator \u0219i printat pe A4 nu are valoarea unui set original semnat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce trebuie s\u0103 con\u021bin\u0103, conform conven\u021biei<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Articolul 6 stabile\u0219te datele obligatorii ale scrisorii de tr\u0103sur\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>locul \u0219i data \u00eentocmirii;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>numele \u0219i adresa expeditorului \u0219i ale transportatorului;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>locul \u0219i data primirii m\u0103rfii, precum \u0219i locul prev\u0103zut pentru eliberare;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>numele \u0219i adresa destinatarului;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>denumirea naturii m\u0103rfii \u0219i felul ambalajului;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>num\u0103rul coletelor, marcajele \u0219i numerele lor;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>greutatea brut\u0103 sau cantitatea exprimat\u0103 altfel;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cheltuielile aferente transportului;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>instruc\u021biunile pentru formalit\u0103\u021bile vamale;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>men\u021biunea c\u0103 transportul este supus regimului conven\u021biei.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Caseta 18: cea care decide procesele<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Formularul standard are 24 de casete, dar una singur\u0103 produce majoritatea litigiilor: <strong>caseta 18, rezervele transportatorului<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Dac\u0103 transportatorul nu \u00eenscrie rezerve motivate la \u00eenc\u0103rcare, se prezum\u0103 c\u0103 marfa \u0219i ambalajul erau \u00een stare bun\u0103 \u00een momentul prelu\u0103rii, iar coletele corespundeau ca num\u0103r \u0219i marcaje cu ce este trecut \u00een scrisoare.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consecin\u021ba: un \u0219ofer care semneaz\u0103 curat o scrisoare pentru o marf\u0103 cu ambalaj deja lovit transfer\u0103 r\u0103spunderea asupra propriei firme. Rezervele trebuie s\u0103 fie <strong>concrete \u0219i motivate<\/strong> \u2014 \u201eambalaj deteriorat la 3 pale\u021bi, col\u021b st\u00e2nga&#8221; func\u021bioneaz\u0103, \u201emarf\u0103 neverificat\u0103&#8221; este mult mai slab.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Simetric, la desc\u0103rcare, <strong>caseta 24<\/strong> face acela\u0219i lucru pentru destinatar. Semn\u0103tura f\u0103r\u0103 observa\u021bii \u00eenchide practic drumul reclama\u021biilor pentru avarii vizibile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Limita de desp\u0103gubire: 8,33 DST pe kilogram<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aici apare cea mai frecvent\u0103 eroare din materialele care circul\u0103 \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103. Textul conven\u021biei publicat \u00een 1972 prevedea o limit\u0103 de <strong>25 de franci-aur pe kilogram<\/strong>, iar multe site-uri \u00eenc\u0103 \u00eel citeaz\u0103 ca atare, pentru c\u0103 este versiunea disponibil\u0103 \u00een portalurile de legisla\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acea valoare a fost \u00eens\u0103 \u00eenlocuit\u0103. <strong>Protocolul din 5 iulie 1978<\/strong> a modificat articolul 23 al conven\u021biei, iar limita \u00een vigoare este de:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>8,33 unit\u0103\u021bi de cont pe kilogram de greutate brut\u0103 lips\u0103.<\/strong> Unitatea de cont este Dreptul Special de Tragere (DST), definit de Fondul Monetar Interna\u021bional.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen practic\u0103, asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 desp\u0103gubirea se calculeaz\u0103 astfel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Se ia <strong>greutatea brut\u0103 lips\u0103 sau avariat\u0103<\/strong>, \u00een kilograme \u2014 din caseta 11 a scrisorii CMR;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Se \u00eenmul\u021be\u0219te cu <strong>8,33<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rezultatul, exprimat \u00een DST, se converte\u0219te \u00een lei la <strong>cursul DST publicat de BNR<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consecin\u021ba comercial\u0103 este important\u0103 \u0219i adesea ignorat\u0103: <strong>limita se calculeaz\u0103 pe greutate, nu pe valoarea m\u0103rfii<\/strong>. Pentru marf\u0103 u\u0219oar\u0103 \u0219i scump\u0103 \u2014 electronice, produse farmaceutice, cosmetice \u2014 desp\u0103gubirea maxim\u0103 poate acoperi o frac\u021biune din valoarea real\u0103 a \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103turii. Pentru marf\u0103 grea \u0219i ieftin\u0103, limita este de regul\u0103 suficient\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2nd marfa este u\u0219oar\u0103 \u0219i valoroas\u0103, solu\u021bia prev\u0103zut\u0103 chiar de conven\u021bie este <strong>declararea unei valori a m\u0103rfii sau a unui interes special la livrare<\/strong>, \u00eenscris\u0103 \u00een scrisoarea de tr\u0103sur\u0103, contra unui supliment de pre\u021b. F\u0103r\u0103 aceast\u0103 men\u021biune, limita de 8,33 DST se aplic\u0103 indiferent c\u00e2t valoreaz\u0103 efectiv marfa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Termenele de reclama\u021bie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Articolul 30 face distinc\u021bia care conteaz\u0103 cel mai mult \u00een practic\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Situa\u021bie<\/th><th>Termen pentru rezerve<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td>Pierderi sau avarii <strong>aparente<\/strong><\/td><td>Cel mai t\u00e2rziu \u00een momentul eliber\u0103rii m\u0103rfii<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Pierderi sau avarii <strong>neaparente<\/strong><\/td><td>7 zile de la eliberare, f\u0103r\u0103 duminici \u0219i s\u0103rb\u0103tori legale<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Prescrip\u021bia ac\u021biunilor<\/td><td>1 an; 3 ani \u00een caz de dol sau culp\u0103 echivalent\u0103 dolului<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diferen\u021ba dintre \u201eaparent&#8221; \u0219i \u201eneaparent&#8221; este cea dintre un colet vizibil strivit \u0219i o marf\u0103 deteriorat\u0103 \u00een interiorul unui ambalaj intact. Pentru prima categorie, rezervele se fac pe loc, \u00een caseta 24. Pentru a doua, exist\u0103 o fereastr\u0103 de 7 zile \u2014 dar termenul curge de la eliberare, nu de la momentul \u00een care cineva a deschis cutia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Asigurarea CMR: ce acoper\u0103 \u0219i ce nu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Asigurarea CMR este o <strong>asigurare de r\u0103spundere a transportatorului<\/strong>, nu o asigurare a m\u0103rfii. Distinc\u021bia schimb\u0103 complet ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 la o daun\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Asigurarea CMR<\/strong> acoper\u0103 r\u0103spunderea transportatorului, \u00een limitele stabilite de conven\u021bie \u2014 deci, ca regul\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 8,33 DST pe kilogram. Se activeaz\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd transportatorul este r\u0103spunz\u0103tor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Asigurarea m\u0103rfii (cargo)<\/strong> este \u00eencheiat\u0103 de proprietarul m\u0103rfii \u0219i acoper\u0103 valoarea acesteia, indiferent cine este vinovat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un expeditor care crede c\u0103 poli\u021ba CMR a transportatorului \u00eei acoper\u0103 integral marfa u\u0219oar\u0103 \u0219i scump\u0103 va avea o surpriz\u0103 nepl\u0103cut\u0103. Invers, un transportator care nu are poli\u021b\u0103 CMR r\u0103spunde din patrimoniul propriu, \u00een acelea\u0219i limite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conven\u021bia nu impune ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i obligativitatea unei poli\u021be CMR, dar \u00een practic\u0103 aceasta este cerut\u0103 de aproape to\u021bi clien\u021bii \u0219i de casele de expedi\u021bii \u00eenainte de a aloca o curs\u0103. Verificarea documentelor unui subcontractor \u2014 inclusiv poli\u021ba CMR \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/blog\/copie-conforma-arr-acte-taxa-verificare\/\">copia conform\u0103<\/a> \u2014 face parte din diligen\u021ba minim\u0103 \u00eenainte de a da o curs\u0103 mai departe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ghid de completare CMR, desc\u0103rcabil<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Am preg\u0103tit un document care cuprinde <strong>toate cele 24 de casete, cine le completeaz\u0103 \u0219i ce se trece \u00een fiecare<\/strong>, plus cele cinci gre\u0219eli care produc cele mai multe pierderi \u0219i un tabel cu termenele de reclama\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Ghid-completare-CMR-CargoTrack.docx\"><strong>Descarc\u0103 ghidul de completare CMR (DOCX)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este util ca material de instruire pentru \u0219oferi noi \u0219i ca list\u0103 de verificare la dispecerat. Reamintim c\u0103 <strong>nu \u00eenlocuie\u0219te setul tipizat<\/strong> \u2014 scrisoarea CMR propriu-zis\u0103 se folose\u0219te \u00een formularele autocopiative numerotate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 folose\u0219ti deja documente digitale \u00een flota ta, aceea\u0219i logic\u0103 se aplic\u0103 \u0219i celorlalte acte de transport: <a href=\"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/blog\/informatii-esentiale-despre-foaia-de-parcurs\/\">foaia de parcurs<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/blog\/cod-uit-transport-intracomunitar\/\">codul UIT<\/a> au propriile reguli de completare \u0219i p\u0103strare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 CMR \u00een transport?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CMR este acronimul conven\u021biei referitoare la contractul de transport interna\u021bional de m\u0103rfuri pe \u0219osele, semnat\u0103 la Geneva pe 19 mai 1956, la care Rom\u00e2nia a aderat prin Decretul nr. 451\/1972. Termenul desemneaz\u0103 at\u00e2t conven\u021bia, c\u00e2t \u0219i scrisoarea de tr\u0103sur\u0103 care \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te marfa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00cen c\u00e2te exemplare se face scrisoarea CMR?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen trei exemplare originale, semnate de expeditor \u0219i de transportator, conform articolului 5 din conven\u021bie. Primul r\u0103m\u00e2ne expeditorului, al doilea \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te marfa p\u00e2n\u0103 la destinatar, al treilea r\u0103m\u00e2ne transportatorului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Care este limita de desp\u0103gubire \u00een cazul pierderii m\u0103rfii?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8,33 unit\u0103\u021bi de cont (DST) pe kilogram de greutate brut\u0103 lips\u0103, conform articolului 23 al conven\u021biei, astfel cum a fost modificat prin Protocolul din 5 iulie 1978. Valoarea de 25 de franci-aur, care apare \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een multe surse, este cea din textul ini\u021bial din 1956 \u0219i a fost \u00eenlocuit\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pot desc\u0103rca \u0219i printa un formular CMR?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu pentru utilizare efectiv\u0103. Scrisoarea de tr\u0103sur\u0103 CMR se folose\u0219te \u00een seturi tipizate, autocopiative \u0219i numerotate, procurate de la asocia\u021biile profesionale sau de la tipografii autorizate. Un formular printat acas\u0103 nu are valoarea unui set original semnat \u00een trei exemplare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce se trece \u00een caseta 18 a scrisorii CMR?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rezervele transportatorului la \u00eenc\u0103rcare: ambalaje deteriorate, colete lips\u0103, marf\u0103 care nu poate fi verificat\u0103. Dac\u0103 rezervele lipsesc, se prezum\u0103 c\u0103 marfa \u0219i ambalajul erau \u00een stare bun\u0103 la preluare, iar r\u0103spunderea trece asupra transportatorului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00cen c\u00e2t timp trebuie reclamate avariile?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru avarii aparente, rezervele se formuleaz\u0103 cel mai t\u00e2rziu \u00een momentul eliber\u0103rii m\u0103rfii. Pentru avarii neaparente, termenul este de 7 zile de la eliberare, f\u0103r\u0103 duminici \u0219i s\u0103rb\u0103tori legale. Ac\u021biunile se prescriu \u00een termen de un an, respectiv trei ani \u00een caz de dol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Asigurarea CMR acoper\u0103 valoarea m\u0103rfii?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu. Asigurarea CMR acoper\u0103 r\u0103spunderea transportatorului, \u00een limitele conven\u021biei \u2014 ca regul\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 8,33 DST pe kilogram. Valoarea m\u0103rfii se acoper\u0103 printr-o asigurare cargo, \u00eencheiat\u0103 de proprietarul m\u0103rfii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2nd se aplic\u0103 Conven\u021bia CMR?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La transportul rutier de m\u0103rfuri contra cost \u00een care locul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u0219i locul de livrare se afl\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 \u021b\u0103ri diferite, dintre care cel pu\u021bin una este parte la conven\u021bie. Na\u021bionalitatea firmelor implicate nu are relevan\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 CMR \u00een transport?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"CMR este acronimul conven\u021biei referitoare la contractul de transport interna\u021bional de m\u0103rfuri pe \u0219osele, semnat\u0103 la Geneva pe 19 mai 1956, la care Rom\u00e2nia a aderat prin Decretul nr. 451\/1972. Termenul desemneaz\u0103 at\u00e2t conven\u021bia, c\u00e2t \u0219i scrisoarea de tr\u0103sur\u0103 care \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te marfa.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"\u00cen c\u00e2te exemplare se face scrisoarea CMR?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"\u00cen trei exemplare originale, semnate de expeditor \u0219i de transportator, conform articolului 5 din conven\u021bie. Primul r\u0103m\u00e2ne expeditorului, al doilea \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te marfa p\u00e2n\u0103 la destinatar, al treilea r\u0103m\u00e2ne transportatorului.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Care este limita de desp\u0103gubire CMR \u00een cazul pierderii m\u0103rfii?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"8,33 unit\u0103\u021bi de cont (DST) pe kilogram de greutate brut\u0103 lips\u0103, conform articolului 23 al conven\u021biei, astfel cum a fost modificat prin Protocolul din 5 iulie 1978. Valoarea de 25 de franci-aur, care apare \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een multe surse, este cea din textul ini\u021bial din 1956 \u0219i a fost \u00eenlocuit\u0103.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Pot desc\u0103rca \u0219i printa un formular CMR?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Nu pentru utilizare efectiv\u0103. Scrisoarea de tr\u0103sur\u0103 CMR se folose\u0219te \u00een seturi tipizate, autocopiative \u0219i numerotate, procurate de la asocia\u021biile profesionale sau de la tipografii autorizate. Un formular printat acas\u0103 nu are valoarea unui set original semnat \u00een trei exemplare.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Ce se trece \u00een caseta 18 a scrisorii CMR?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Rezervele transportatorului la \u00eenc\u0103rcare: ambalaje deteriorate, colete lips\u0103, marf\u0103 care nu poate fi verificat\u0103. Dac\u0103 rezervele lipsesc, se prezum\u0103 c\u0103 marfa \u0219i ambalajul erau \u00een stare bun\u0103 la preluare, iar r\u0103spunderea trece asupra transportatorului.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"\u00cen c\u00e2t timp trebuie reclamate avariile la un transport CMR?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Pentru avarii aparente, rezervele se formuleaz\u0103 cel mai t\u00e2rziu \u00een momentul eliber\u0103rii m\u0103rfii. Pentru avarii neaparente, termenul este de 7 zile de la eliberare, f\u0103r\u0103 duminici \u0219i s\u0103rb\u0103tori legale. Ac\u021biunile se prescriu \u00een termen de un an, respectiv trei ani \u00een caz de dol.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Asigurarea CMR acoper\u0103 valoarea m\u0103rfii?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Nu. Asigurarea CMR acoper\u0103 r\u0103spunderea transportatorului, \u00een limitele conven\u021biei - ca regul\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 8,33 DST pe kilogram. Valoarea m\u0103rfii se acoper\u0103 printr-o asigurare cargo, \u00eencheiat\u0103 de proprietarul m\u0103rfii.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"C\u00e2nd se aplic\u0103 Conven\u021bia CMR?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"La transportul rutier de m\u0103rfuri contra cost \u00een care locul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u0219i locul de livrare se afl\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 \u021b\u0103ri diferite, dintre care cel pu\u021bin una este parte la conven\u021bie. Na\u021bionalitatea firmelor implicate nu are relevan\u021b\u0103.\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-right kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;right&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;100114&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Rate this post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;CMR 2026: ce este, cum se completeaz\u0103, limita de desp\u0103gubire \u0219i asigurarea&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">Rate this post<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scrisoarea de tr\u0103sur\u0103 CMR este documentul pe baza c\u0103ruia se decide, la final, cine pl\u0103te\u0219te c\u00e2nd marfa ajunge lips\u0103 sau deteriorat\u0103. Se completeaz\u0103 \u00een c\u00e2teva minute la \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u0219i, \u00een majoritatea cazurilor, superficial \u2014 iar consecin\u021bele apar luni mai t\u00e2rziu, c\u00e2nd reclama\u021bia e deja pe mas\u0103. Mai jos: ce este CMR-ul, cele 24 de casete [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":100115,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-100114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legislatie-transport"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100114","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=100114"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100114\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100529,"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100114\/revisions\/100529"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/100115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100114"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100114"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100114"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_folder?post=100114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}