{"id":99825,"date":"2026-07-18T19:27:25","date_gmt":"2026-07-18T16:27:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/blog\/pret-pe-km-transport-marfa\/"},"modified":"2026-08-22T18:29:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-22T15:29:06","slug":"freight-transport-price-per-km","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/blog\/pret-pe-km-transport-marfa\/","title":{"rendered":"What to charge per kilometer in freight transport: how to calculate your cost and price per km"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201eC\u00e2t se tarifeaz\u0103 pe kilometru?&#8221; este una dintre cele mai frecvente \u00eentreb\u0103ri din transportul de marf\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, una dintre cele la care nu exist\u0103 un r\u0103spuns unic. <strong>Pre\u021bul pe km nu se copiaz\u0103 de la concuren\u021b\u0103, ci se stabile\u0219te pornind de la costul t\u0103u real pe kilometru, la care adaugi marja de profit dorit\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Motivul e simplu: dou\u0103 firme care fac aceea\u0219i curs\u0103, cu acela\u0219i tip de vehicul, pot avea costuri complet diferite. Una are camionul pl\u0103tit, cealalt\u0103 pl\u0103te\u0219te rat\u0103 de leasing. Una circul\u0103 12.000 km pe lun\u0103, cealalt\u0103 6.000. Una se \u00eentoarce \u00eenc\u0103rcat\u0103, cealalt\u0103 face jum\u0103tate din drum \u00een gol. Un tarif care e profitabil pentru prima poate \u00eensemna pierdere pentru a doua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen acest articol g\u0103se\u0219ti metoda de calcul, un tabel cu toate categoriile de cost \u0219i un exemplu complet de calcul. Cifrele din exemplu sunt <strong>ipotetice<\/strong> \u0219i au rolul de a-\u021bi ar\u0103ta mecanismul \u2013 tu le \u00eenlocuie\u0219ti cu datele tale reale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De ce nu exist\u0103 un \u201epre\u021b corect&#8221; pe kilometru<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tarifele reale din pia\u021b\u0103 variaz\u0103 enorm, \u00een func\u021bie de factori pe care nu \u00eei controlezi \u00een totalitate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ruta<\/strong> \u2013 o curs\u0103 pe un coridor cu mult trafic de retur se tarifeaz\u0103 altfel dec\u00e2t una \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 din care te \u00eentorci sigur gol.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tipul de vehicul<\/strong> \u2013 o dub\u0103 de 3,5 tone, un camion de 7,5 tone \u0219i un ansamblu de 40 de tone au structuri de cost complet diferite.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sezonul<\/strong> \u2013 cererea de capacitate oscileaz\u0103 puternic, iar tarifele spot urmeaz\u0103 cererea.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tipul de client<\/strong> \u2013 un contract anual cu volum garantat se negociaz\u0103 altfel dec\u00e2t o curs\u0103 luat\u0103 de pe burs\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Marfa<\/strong> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/blog\/atestat-adr\/\">ADR<\/a>, temperatur\u0103 controlat\u0103, gabarit sau valoare mare \u00eenseamn\u0103 costuri suplimentare de asigurare \u0219i echipare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Din acest motiv, singura cifr\u0103 care conteaz\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat pentru tine este <strong>costul t\u0103u pe kilometru<\/strong>. El \u00ee\u021bi spune sub ce prag nu ai voie s\u0103 cobori, indiferent c\u00e2t de tentant\u0103 pare o curs\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Formula de calcul a costului pe kilometru<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cost pe km = (costuri fixe lunare \u00f7 kilometri parcur\u0219i \u00eentr-o lun\u0103) + costuri variabile pe km<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toat\u0103 metoda se rezum\u0103 la a \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi corect cheltuielile \u00een dou\u0103 categorii \u0219i la a \u0219ti exact c\u00e2\u021bi kilometri faci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pasul 1 \u2013 Adun\u0103 costurile fixe lunare<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Costurile fixe sunt cele pe care le pl\u0103te\u0219ti indiferent dac\u0103 vehiculul circul\u0103 sau st\u0103 \u00een curte: rata de leasing sau amortizarea, salariul \u0219i contribu\u021biile \u0219oferului, asigur\u0103rile (RCA, CASCO, CMR), <a href=\"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/blog\/licenta-transport-marfa-cine-acte-cost\/\">licen\u021ba de transport \u0219i copiile conforme<\/a>, ITP-ul, verificarea tahografului, contabilitatea \u0219i celelalte cheltuieli administrative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aten\u021bie la o gre\u0219eal\u0103 des \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103: mul\u021bi transportatori uit\u0103 s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i treac\u0103 \u00een cost propriul salariu de administrator sau cheltuielile de birou. Dac\u0103 nu le incluzi, \u201eprofitul&#8221; pe care \u00eel vezi la final e doar o iluzie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pasul 2 \u2013 Calculeaz\u0103 costurile variabile pe km<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Costurile variabile cresc direct propor\u021bional cu kilometrii parcur\u0219i: combustibilul, AdBlue, <a href=\"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/blog\/taxe-de-drum-camioane-europa\/\">taxele de drum \u0219i vinietele<\/a>, mentenan\u021ba, anvelopele, diurnele \u0219i cazarea \u0219oferului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Combustibilul se calculeaz\u0103 cel mai simplu: <em>(consum mediu la 100 km \u00f7 100) \u00d7 pre\u021bul pe litru<\/em>. Pentru mentenan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i anvelope, ia costul total dintr-un an \u00eentreg \u0219i \u00eemparte-l la kilometrii f\u0103cu\u021bi \u00een acel an \u2013 vei ob\u021bine un cost pe km realist, care include \u0219i reviziile mari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pasul 3 \u2013 Folose\u0219te un num\u0103r realist de kilometri lunari<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aici se pierd cele mai multe calcule. Dac\u0103 \u00eempar\u021bi costurile fixe la un num\u0103r optimist de kilometri, \u00ee\u021bi iese un cost pe km artificial de mic. Ia media real\u0103 din ultimele 6\u201312 luni, nu din luna cea mai bun\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u021aine cont \u0219i de limit\u0103rile legale: <a href=\"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/blog\/timpi-de-conducere-si-odihna\/\">timpii de conducere \u0219i odihn\u0103<\/a> pun un plafon clar peste care un vehicul cu un singur \u0219ofer nu poate trece. Concediile, ITP-ul, repara\u021biile neprev\u0103zute \u0219i zilele f\u0103r\u0103 marf\u0103 reduc \u0219i ele num\u0103rul de kilometri facturabili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tabel: categoriile de cost \u00een transportul de marf\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Categorie de cost<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Tip<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Cum \u00eel calculezi<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rat\u0103 leasing \/ amortizare vehicul<\/td><td>Fix<\/td><td>Rata lunar\u0103 sau valoarea de achizi\u021bie \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 la durata de utilizare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Salariu + contribu\u021bii \u0219ofer<\/td><td>Fix<\/td><td>Cost total angajator pe lun\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Asigur\u0103ri (RCA, CASCO, CMR)<\/td><td>Fix<\/td><td>Prima anual\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 la 12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Licen\u021b\u0103 de transport, copii conforme<\/td><td>Fix<\/td><td>Cost pe perioada de valabilitate, adus la lun\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ITP, verificare tahograf, autoriza\u021bii<\/td><td>Fix<\/td><td>Cost anual \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit la 12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Administrativ (contabilitate, birou, software, telefonie)<\/td><td>Fix<\/td><td>Total lunar \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit la num\u0103rul de vehicule<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Combustibil<\/td><td>Variabil<\/td><td>(Consum la 100 km \u00f7 100) \u00d7 pre\u021b pe litru<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AdBlue<\/td><td>Variabil<\/td><td>Aprox. 4\u20136% din consumul de motorin\u0103, \u00een func\u021bie de vehicul<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Taxe de drum, viniete, poduri<\/td><td>Variabil<\/td><td>Total pl\u0103tit pe lun\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit la kilometrii lunii<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mentenan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i repara\u021bii<\/td><td>Variabil<\/td><td>Cost anual \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit la kilometrii anuali<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Anvelope<\/td><td>Variabil<\/td><td>Pre\u021b set \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit la durata de via\u021b\u0103 \u00een km<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Diurn\u0103 \u0219i cazare \u0219ofer<\/td><td>Variabil<\/td><td>Total lunar \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit la kilometrii lunii<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kilometri goi (deadhead)<\/td><td>Corec\u021bie<\/td><td>Se aplic\u0103 la final: costul total \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit la kilometrii <em>facturabili<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemplu de calcul (cifre ipotetice)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Important: cifrele de mai jos sunt un exemplu de calcul, nu pre\u021buri de pia\u021b\u0103. \u00cenlocuie\u0219te-le cu cifrele tale reale.<\/strong> Exemplul folose\u0219te o dub\u0103 de 3,5 tone care circul\u0103 intern, cu un singur \u0219ofer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Costuri fixe lunare<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rat\u0103 leasing: 2.800 lei<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Salariu + contribu\u021bii \u0219ofer: 4.500 lei<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Asigur\u0103ri (RCA, CASCO, CMR): 700 lei<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Licen\u021b\u0103, ITP, tahograf, autoriza\u021bii: 200 lei<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Administrativ (contabilitate, software, telefon): 800 lei<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Total fix: 9.000 lei\/lun\u0103<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La 9.000 km parcur\u0219i \u00eentr-o lun\u0103, rezult\u0103 un cost fix de <strong>9.000 \u00f7 9.000 = 1,00 lei\/km<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Costuri variabile pe kilometru<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Combustibil (10 l\/100 km \u00d7 7,50 lei\/l): 0,75 lei\/km<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Taxe de drum \u0219i viniete: 0,10 lei\/km<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mentenan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i repara\u021bii: 0,15 lei\/km<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anvelope: 0,05 lei\/km<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diurn\u0103 \u0219i cazare: 0,20 lei\/km<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Total variabil: 1,25 lei\/km<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Costul total \u0219i pre\u021bul minim<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cost total pe km = 1,00 + 1,25 = <strong>2,25 lei\/km<\/strong>. Acesta este pragul t\u0103u de rentabilitate: sub aceast\u0103 valoare, fiecare kilometru parcurs \u00ee\u021bi scoate bani din firm\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru a stabili pre\u021bul, adaugi marja dorit\u0103. La o marj\u0103 de 20%: 2,25 \u00d7 1,20 = <strong>2,70 lei\/km<\/strong>. La o marj\u0103 de 30%: 2,25 \u00d7 1,30 = 2,93 lei\/km. Marja nu e \u201eprofit garantat&#8221; \u2013 din ea acoperi lunile slabe, \u00eent\u00e2rzierile la plat\u0103, repara\u021biile neprev\u0103zute \u0219i investi\u021biile viitoare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De ce kilometrii goi \u00ee\u021bi distrug marja<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Calculul de mai sus are o problem\u0103 major\u0103: presupune c\u0103 to\u021bi cei 9.000 de kilometri sunt factura\u021bi. \u00cen realitate, o parte din ei sunt parcur\u0219i \u00een gol \u2013 la \u00eenc\u0103rcare, la retur sau \u00eentre dou\u0103 curse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Relu\u0103m exemplul: dac\u0103 25% din kilometri sunt goi, ai doar 6.750 km facturabili, dar costurile r\u0103m\u00e2n acelea\u0219i. Cost total lunar = 9.000 lei (fix) + 9.000 km \u00d7 1,25 lei (variabil) = 20.250 lei. \u00cemp\u0103r\u021bit la 6.750 km facturabili, rezult\u0103 <strong>3,00 lei\/km \u00eenc\u0103rcat<\/strong> \u2013 cu 33% mai mult dec\u00e2t cifra ini\u021bial\u0103 de 2,25 lei\/km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concluzia e direct\u0103: dac\u0103 negociezi la 2,70 lei\/km crez\u00e2nd c\u0103 ai 20% marj\u0103, dar circuli un sfert din timp \u00een gol, de fapt lucrezi \u00een pierdere. Kilometrii goi nu apar pe nicio factur\u0103, dar consum\u0103 combustibil, uzeaz\u0103 vehiculul \u0219i ocup\u0103 orele de conducere ale \u0219oferului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 direc\u021bii de ac\u021biune: reduci procentul de kilometri goi sau \u00eel incluzi corect \u00een pre\u021b. Pentru prima variant\u0103, planificarea curselor de retur \u0219i utilizarea constant\u0103 a <a href=\"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/blog\/cele-mai-bune-burse-de-transport-marfa\/\">burselor de transport marf\u0103<\/a> fac diferen\u021ba. Pentru a doua, trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii exact care e procentul t\u0103u real de kilometri goi \u2013 iar asta se m\u0103soar\u0103, nu se estimeaz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce spun reperele publice despre costul pe km<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu exist\u0103 o cifr\u0103 oficial\u0103 pentru \u201epre\u021bul pe km&#8221; \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, dar exist\u0103 repere publice utile pentru validarea structurii tale de cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iru.org\/what-we-do\/facilitating-trade-and-transit\/different-types-freight-transport\/how-much-does-goods-transport-cost-kilometre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IRU (Uniunea Interna\u021bional\u0103 a Transporturilor Rutiere)<\/a> indic\u0103 pentru Europa un interval foarte larg, de la 0,50 la 2,00 euro pe kilometru, tocmai pentru c\u0103 variabilele sunt numeroase. Un interval de patru ori mai mare de la un cap\u0103t la altul nu \u00ee\u021bi spune ce s\u0103 facturezi \u2013 \u00ee\u021bi spune c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 calculezi singur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mai utile sunt ponderile pe categorii. Conform analizei publicate de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.untrr.ro\/ro\/structura-costurilor-la-transportul-de-marfuri.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UNTRR privind structura costurilor la transportul de m\u0103rfuri<\/a>, remunera\u021bia \u0219oferului reprezint\u0103 \u00eentre 20% \u0219i 30% din cheltuielile de operare, combustibilul \u00eentre 20% \u0219i 40% din costurile variabile, taxele de drum \u0219i vinietele \u00eentre 3% \u0219i 15% din cheltuielile totale, iar costurile administrative \u00eentre 5% \u0219i 10%. \u00cempreun\u0103, combustibilul \u0219i salariile domin\u0103 bugetul oric\u0103rei firme de transport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Folose\u0219te aceste procente ca test de coeren\u021b\u0103. Dac\u0103 la tine combustibilul iese 60% din costuri, fie ai un consum problematic, fie ai omis cheltuieli din calcul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum \u00ee\u021bi afli costul real pe kilometru<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diferen\u021ba dintre o firm\u0103 care \u0219tie c\u0103 lucreaz\u0103 \u00een profit \u0219i una care doar sper\u0103 st\u0103 \u00een calitatea datelor. Estim\u0103rile \u201edin cap&#8221; sunt aproape \u00eentotdeauna optimiste: consumul e mai mare dec\u00e2t cel din fi\u0219a tehnic\u0103, kilometrii goi sunt mai mul\u021bi dec\u00e2t crezi, iar orele de sta\u021bionare cu motorul pornit nu apar nic\u0103ieri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ai nevoie de trei seturi de date, m\u0103surate lunar pentru fiecare vehicul:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kilometri parcur\u0219i, separat pe \u00eenc\u0103rcat \u0219i gol<\/strong> \u2013 baza \u00eentregului calcul \u0219i singura modalitate de a-\u021bi afla procentul real de deadhead.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Consumul real de combustibil<\/strong> \u2013 nu media declarat\u0103, ci litrii consuma\u021bi efectiv, inclusiv la ralanti. O <a href=\"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/blog\/sonda-litrometrica-totul-despre-monitorizarea-consumului-de-combustibil\/\">sond\u0103 litrometric\u0103<\/a> \u00ee\u021bi arat\u0103 nivelul din rezervor \u00een timp real \u0219i semnaleaz\u0103 aliment\u0103rile \u0219i sc\u0103derile neobi\u0219nuite.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Timpii de conducere \u0219i sta\u021bionare<\/strong> \u2013 din tahograf, pentru a \u0219ti c\u00e2\u021bi kilometri productivi po\u021bi realiza legal \u00eentr-o lun\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un sistem de <a href=\"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/2026-monitorizare-gps\/\">monitorizare GPS a flotei<\/a> centralizeaz\u0103 exact aceste date: kilometrii reali pe vehicul \u0219i pe curs\u0103, consumul m\u0103surat, timpii de ralanti, opririle neprogramate \u0219i desc\u0103rcarea automat\u0103 a datelor din tahograf. Cu ele, formula de mai sus \u00eenceteaz\u0103 s\u0103 mai fie un exerci\u021biu teoretic \u0219i devine un raport lunar pe care \u00eel po\u021bi compara cu facturile emise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beneficiul practic e dublu. Pe termen scurt, \u0219tii sub ce tarif nu accep\u021bi o curs\u0103. Pe termen lung, identifici vehiculele \u0219i \u0219oferii cu costuri peste medie \u0219i ac\u021bionezi acolo unde se pierde efectiv marja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Recalculeaz\u0103 periodic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Costul pe kilometru nu e o cifr\u0103 pe care o calculezi o dat\u0103 \u0219i o folose\u0219ti ani \u00eentregi. Pre\u021bul motorinei se schimb\u0103, salariile cresc, primele de asigurare se ajusteaz\u0103, iar taxele de drum din Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i din Europa sunt \u00een plin\u0103 modificare. Recalculeaz\u0103 cel pu\u021bin trimestrial \u0219i obligatoriu \u00eenainte de a semna un contract anual cu tarif fix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 vezi cum arat\u0103 aceste date pentru flota ta \u0219i cum se traduc \u00eentr-un cost real pe kilometru, <a href=\"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/contact\/\">contacteaz\u0103-ne<\/a> \u0219i \u00ee\u021bi ar\u0103t\u0103m concret ce po\u021bi m\u0103sura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cum se calculeaz\u0103 pre\u021bul pe km \u00een transportul de marf\u0103?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se porne\u0219te de la costul pe kilometru, calculat cu formula: (costuri fixe lunare \u00f7 kilometri lunari) + costuri variabile pe km. La rezultat se adaug\u0103 marja de profit dorit\u0103. Pre\u021bul minim viabil este costul pe km, iar pre\u021bul de ofert\u0103 este costul plus marj\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e2t cost\u0103 transportul pe km \u00een Rom\u00e2nia?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu exist\u0103 un tarif standard. Pre\u021bul depinde de tipul vehiculului, rut\u0103, sezon, tipul m\u0103rfii \u0219i rela\u021bia cu clientul. IRU indic\u0103 pentru Europa un interval orientativ de 0,50\u20132,00 euro\/km, dar acesta este prea larg pentru a fi folosit ca referin\u021b\u0103 de facturare. Singura cifr\u0103 relevant\u0103 pentru firma ta este costul t\u0103u real pe kilometru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Care este pre\u021bul pe km pentru transport marf\u0103 3,5 tone?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depinde direct de costurile tale. Un vehicul de 3,5 tone are costuri fixe mai mici dec\u00e2t un camion, dar \u0219i un num\u0103r mai mic de kilometri lunari peste care s\u0103 le distribuie. Aplic\u0103 formula cu propriile cifre: rata de leasing, salariul \u0219oferului, asigur\u0103rile, consumul real \u0219i kilometrii lunari efectivi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Care sunt costurile fixe \u0219i care cele variabile?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Costurile fixe se pl\u0103tesc indiferent dac\u0103 vehiculul circul\u0103: leasing sau amortizare, salariul \u0219oferului, asigur\u0103ri, licen\u021be, ITP, cheltuieli administrative. Costurile variabile cresc cu kilometrii parcur\u0219i: combustibil, AdBlue, taxe de drum, mentenan\u021b\u0103, anvelope, diurne \u0219i cazare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ce marj\u0103 de profit ar trebui s\u0103 aplic?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu exist\u0103 un procent universal. Marja trebuie s\u0103 acopere riscurile pe care le supor\u021bi: lunile cu volum sc\u0103zut, \u00eent\u00e2rzierile la \u00eencasare, repara\u021biile neprev\u0103zute \u0219i investi\u021bia \u00een vehicule noi. Cu c\u00e2t ai o flot\u0103 mai mic\u0103 \u0219i clien\u021bi mai pu\u021bini, cu at\u00e2t riscul e mai mare \u0219i marja trebuie s\u0103 fie mai consistent\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cum influen\u021beaz\u0103 kilometrii goi pre\u021bul pe km?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kilometrii goi genereaz\u0103 costuri, dar nu aduc venit. Dac\u0103 25% din kilometri sunt parcur\u0219i \u00een gol, costul pe kilometru facturabil cre\u0219te cu aproximativ 33% fa\u021b\u0103 de costul pe kilometru total. Trebuie fie s\u0103 reduci procentul de kilometri goi, fie s\u0103 \u00eel incluzi explicit \u00een pre\u021b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ce pondere are combustibilul \u00een costul total?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conform analizei UNTRR privind structura costurilor la transportul de m\u0103rfuri, combustibilul reprezint\u0103 \u00eentre 20% \u0219i 40% din costurile variabile, iar remunera\u021bia \u0219oferului \u00eentre 20% \u0219i 30% din cheltuielile de operare. \u00cempreun\u0103, cele dou\u0103 sunt principalele componente ale costului \u00een transportul rutier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cum \u00eemi aflu consumul real de combustibil?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prin m\u0103surare, nu prin estimare. O sond\u0103 litrometric\u0103 montat\u0103 \u00een rezervor \u0219i conectat\u0103 la un sistem de monitorizare GPS \u00ee\u021bi arat\u0103 nivelul de combustibil \u00een timp real, aliment\u0103rile, sc\u0103derile neobi\u0219nuite \u0219i consumul la ralanti \u2013 date care nu apar \u00een bonurile de la pomp\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Cum se calculeaz\u0103 pre\u021bul pe km \u00een transportul de marf\u0103?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Se porne\u0219te de la costul pe kilometru, calculat cu formula: (costuri fixe lunare \u00f7 kilometri lunari) + costuri variabile pe km. La rezultat se adaug\u0103 marja de profit dorit\u0103. 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O sond\u0103 litrometric\u0103 montat\u0103 \u00een rezervor \u0219i conectat\u0103 la un sistem de monitorizare GPS \u00ee\u021bi arat\u0103 nivelul de combustibil \u00een timp real, aliment\u0103rile, sc\u0103derile neobi\u0219nuite \u0219i consumul la ralanti \u2013 date care nu apar \u00een bonurile de la pomp\u0103.\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-right kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;right&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;99825&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Rate this post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;C\u00e2t se tarifeaz\u0103 pe kilometru \u00een transportul de marf\u0103: cum \u00ee\u021bi calculezi costul \u0219i pre\u021bul pe km&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">Rate this post<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201eC\u00e2t se tarifeaz\u0103 pe kilometru?&#8221; este una dintre cele mai frecvente \u00eentreb\u0103ri din transportul de marf\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, una dintre cele la care nu exist\u0103 un r\u0103spuns unic. Pre\u021bul pe km nu se copiaz\u0103 de la concuren\u021b\u0103, ci se stabile\u0219te pornind de la costul t\u0103u real pe kilometru, la care adaugi marja de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":99980,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68,96],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-99825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legislatie-transport","category-management-flote"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99825","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=99825"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99825\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100527,"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99825\/revisions\/100527"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99980"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99825"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=99825"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=99825"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cargotrack.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_folder?post=99825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}